► 副助詞
しか [しか] [しかない] meaning: only rank: 1
☆ こうなったらやるしかない ⇨ Under this circumstance we have no other choice but to go ahead
☆ 今となっては諦めるしかない ⇨ At this point there is no other way than giving it up
☆ 彼等の要求を飲むしかない ⇨ There is no other choice than to accept their demand
☆ 締切まであと三日しかない ⇨ There are only three days left before the deadline
しか [しか] [しか～ない] meaning: only rank: 1
☆ この車はハイオクしか使えない ⇨ You can only use high-octane gas on this car
☆ これが出来るのは彼しかいない ⇨ He is the only person who can do this
☆ フランス語は少ししか話せない ⇨ I speak French only just a little bit
☆ 今手元にはこれしか残っていない ⇨ Only this much is left on me now. This is all I have.
☆ 彼はほんの子供にしか見えない ⇨ He looks like only a child
☆ 彼は文句しか言わない ⇨ Only thing he does is complain
☆ 彼女は自分に都合の良いことしかしない ⇨ She only does what is convenient for her
☆ 彼女は酒は少ししか飲まない ⇨ She drinks alcohol only a little
☆ 残り時間は十分しか無い ⇨ There are only five minutes left
だけ [(2)だけ] meaning: only rank: 1
☆ A: 彼は有名なゴルフ選手なの？ B:いや、小さな大会で一回優勝したことがあるだけだよ ⇨ A: Is he a famous golfer? B: No, he just won once in a small tournament, that’s all
☆ これだけは絶対に譲れない ⇨ This is the last thing I would ever give up. This is the hill I will die on
☆ そんなことを言ったら彼を余計怒らせるだけだ ⇨ If you say something like that, it will only make him even angrier
☆ もう一度だけ試してみる ⇨ I will try just one more time
☆ 二人だけにしてくれる？ ⇨ Will you leave us two alone?
☆ 口で言うだけなら誰でも出来る ⇨ If it only takes talking, anybody can do it. Anybody can just talk
ばかり [(1)ばかり] meaning: only rank: 1
☆ うちの息子はゲームばかりしている ⇨ My son only plays games, plays games all day every day
☆ こればかりは絶対に譲れない ⇨ This, I cannot give in no matter what.
☆ そればかりはどうしても無理だ ⇨ That, only that, is impossible no matter what
☆ 日本の教育は理由は考えさせず、暗記させるばかりだ ⇨ The Japanese education doesn’t make students think about logics, but only makes them memorize things
☆ 肉ばかり食べずに野菜も食べなさい ⇨ Don’t eat just meat. Eat vegetables too
☆ 迷子の子は泣くばかりでどうしようもなかった ⇨ The lost child just kept crying and there was nothing you could do
ばっかり [(3)ばっかり] [coll] meaning: only rank: 1
☆ 彼は口ばっかりだ ⇨ He is mouth only. He is only talk and no action
☆ あいつは文句ばっかりだ ⇨ He only complains (☛ A colloquial, a little more emphatic form of ばかり)
きり [(2)きり] [coll] meaning: only rank: 2
☆ こんな機会は一回きりしかない ⇨ There will be only one opportunity like this (☛ Always used to limit something to a small number (less than 10))
☆ やっと二人(っ)きりになれたね ⇨ Finally it is only two of us. Finally we are alone (☛ Only used to limit to one or two people)
☆ 家には一人きりになれる所が無い ⇨ There is nowhere in the house that I can be completely alone (☛ Only used to limit to one or two people)
のみ [(1)のみ] [liter] meaning: only rank: 2
☆ こうなったら突撃するのみだ ⇨ At this point we have no other option but charge and attack
☆ 入場出来るのは許可された者のみだ ⇨ Only those who are authorized can enter
☆ 特権階級のみが利益を享受している ⇨ Only the privileged are enjoying the benefits
きゃ [きゃ] [しか] [coll] [peer] meaning: only rank: 3
☆ 我慢してやるっきゃない ⇨ You have no choice but bite the bullet and do it (☛ After verbs only)
迄 [(1)まで] [liter] meaning: only rank: 3
☆ 尋ねられたから意見したまでだ ⇨ I commented only because I was asked to (☛ Always used as “I did something only because …”)