► 動詞
支度 [したく] [支度する] meaning: prepare rank: 1
☆ 家族の夕飯を支度しなくてはいけない ⇨ I need to prepare dinner for my family (☛ Typically prepare self/something for everyday life activities)
準備 [(1)じゅんび] [準備する] meaning: prepare rank: 1
☆ そろそろ夕食を準備しなくちゃ ⇨ It is about time to prepare dinner
用意 [(1)ようい] [用意する] meaning: prepare rank: 1
☆ 数時間で数億円の現金を用意することは無理だ ⇨ It is impossible to prepare ¥1 billion in cash in a few hours
構える [(3)かまえる] meaning: prepare rank: 2
☆ 彼は刀を上段に構えた ⇨ He held the sword over his head (to be ready for a fight)
☆ 気楽な面接だからそんなに構えなくてもいいよ ⇨ It’s just a casual interview, so you don’t have to be so ready and tense
☆ そんなに呑気に構えていると痛い目に遭うよ ⇨ If you’re acting laid-back like that, unprepared like that, it will cost you (☛ Take a certain attitude to be ready for an action)
☆ カメラを構えていなかったので写真を取り損ねた ⇨ I didn’t have my camera in the position and missed to take pictures (☛ Take a certain pose and stance to be ready for an action)
捌く [(2)さばく] meaning: prepare rank: 2
☆ 私は魚のさばき方を知らない ⇨ I don’t know how to dress a fish (☛ Remove the organs and bones using a knife from a fish or foul)
備える [(3)そなえる] meaning: prepare rank: 2
☆ 普段からもしもの場合に備えることが大切だ ⇨ It is important to prepare for what-if cases in normal times
予習 [よしゅう] [予習する] meaning: prepare rank: 2
☆ 彼女は翌日の授業の予習をした ⇨ She prepared for the next day’s class
仕込む [(2)しこむ] meaning: prepare rank: 3
☆ 彼女は前の晩に肉を仕込んだ ⇨ She prepared the meat (by marinating) the night before
整地 [せいち] [整地する] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 彼等は住宅を建てるために整地している ⇨ They’re preparing the ground to build a house on
► 補助動詞
置く [(2)おく] meaning: prepare rank: 1
☆ 予備の飲料水を買って置いた ⇨ I bought some emergency drinking water (☛ Make something ready for the next step)
☆ 御飯は温めればいいだけにして置くから ⇨ I will prepare the meal so that you only have to heat it (☛ Make something ready for the next step)
☆ 肉は昨晩味付けして置いた ⇨ I had the meat seasoned, prepared, last night (☛ Make something ready for the next step)
► 名詞
支度 [したく] meaning: prepare rank: 1
☆ 彼女は外出の支度にやたらと時間がかかる ⇨ It takes a long time for her to get ready to go out (☛ Typically prepare self/something for everyday life activities)
準備 [(1)じゅんび] meaning: prepare rank: 1
☆ 準備は万全だ ⇨ The preparation is complete. Everything is ready
用意 [(1)ようい] meaning: prepare rank: 1
☆ シャンペンが冷えているなんて用意がいいなあ ⇨ You have a cold champaign? You are so well prepared!
備え [(2)そなえ] meaning: prepare rank: 2
☆ 自然災害時の備え ⇨ Preparations for natural disasters
ぶっつけ本番 [ぶっつけほんばん] meaning: prepare rank: 3
☆ 私達はその曲をぶっつけ本番で演奏した ⇨ We played that song for a live show, recording, without any rehearsal
足固め [(3)あしがため] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 私達は米国市場進出の足固めをしてきた ⇨ We have been securing the foundations, preparing, to enter the US market (☛ Literally “set feet”)
御膳立て [おぜんだて] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 米国は両国の和平交渉の御膳立てをした ⇨ US laid the groundwork for a peace negotiation between the two countries (☛ Literally “set a dinner table”. Facilitate something for others)
下拵え [したごしらえ] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 肉の下ごしらえをしておいた ⇨ I prepared the meat (before I really start cooking)
下準備 [(3)したじゅんび] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 彼女は宴会の料理の下準備を済ませた ⇨ She got all the ingredients for the party food ready (☛ A preliminary preparation for later work)
布石 [ふせき] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 彼は敵攻略の布石を打った ⇨ He made a preparatory move to conquer the enemy in the future (☛ 石 is a marble of go game (an Asian table game))
身支度 [(2)みじたく] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 彼女は早々に身支度を整えて家を出た ⇨ She quickly got herself ready and left her house (☛ Prepare yourself to go somewhere)
► 形容動詞
ぶっつけ [ぶっつけ] [coll] meaning: prepare rank: 3
☆ ぶっつけでやるしかないでしょ ⇨ We gotta do it without rehearsal. We gotta wing it
用意周到 [(1)よういしゅうとう] meaning: prepare rank: 4
☆ 私達は用意周到に準備を進めた ⇨ We have prepared very meticulously