► 動詞
傷む [(2)いたむ] meaning: damage rank: 1
☆ 構造物が相当傷んでいる ⇨ The structure has been damaged significantly (☛ Usually wear and tear over a long time)
傷める [(3)いためる] meaning: damage rank: 1
☆ 汚れたスポンジは塗装の表面を傷める ⇨ Dirty sponge will damage the paint surface (☛ Damage to inanimate things)
壊す [(2)こわす] meaning: damage rank: 1
☆ そんな生活をしていると体を壊すよ ⇨ You will ruin your health if you keep living like that
☆ 彼はいつも余計な事を言って雰囲気を壊す ⇨ He always says something unnecessary and breaks the mood
荒らす [あらす] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ この石鹸は肌を荒らす ⇨ This soap roughs up your skin
☆ 泥棒に家を荒らされた ⇨ A burglar ransacked my house
害する [(3)がいする] [liter] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 喫煙は健康を害する ⇨ Smoking harms health
傷付く [(3)きずつく] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 塗装表面は傷つきやすい ⇨ The painted surface can be damaged easily (☛ Damage, usually the surface)
傷付ける [(4)きずつける] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ スキャンダルが彼の評判を傷つけた ⇨ The scandal damaged his reputation (☛ Tarnish)
損なう [(3)そこなう] [liter] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 彼等は納豆の風味を損なうこと無く臭いを取る方法を開発した ⇨ They developed a method to remove odors from natto beans without spoiling the flavor (☛ Spoil good quality)
毀損 [きそん] [毀損する] [tech] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 彼は新聞が彼の名誉を毀損したとして訴えた ⇨ He sued the newspaper alleging it damaged his honor, slandered him
損ねる [(3)そこねる] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 彼女の機嫌を損ねるようなことを言うな ⇨ Don’t say things that spoil her mood
損傷 [そんしょう] [損傷する] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 衝撃で車体が激しく損傷した ⇨ The chassis was severely damaged by the impact (☛ Damage inanimate things physically)
辱める [(5)はずかしめる] [liter] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 王者の名を辱めないように頑張ります ⇨ I will work hard so as not to tarnish the title of the champion (☛ Damage good names, honor)
破損 [はそん] [破損する] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 木が倒れて家の屋根が大きく破損した ⇨ A tree fell and the roof of the house was severely damaged (☛ Damage inanimate things physically)
► 成句
泥 [(2)どろ] [泥を塗る] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 彼は家の名に泥を塗った ⇨ He smeared mud on, tarnished, the family name
首 [(2)くび] [首を絞める] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ そんなことをしたら自分で自分の首を絞めることになる ⇨ If you do that you end up strangling/hurting yourself (☛ A common metaphorical expression of hurting your own benefits/chances)
► 名詞
傷み [いたみ] meaning: damage rank: 1
☆ その建物は五百年前に建てられて傷みが激しい ⇨ The building was built 500 years ago and suffers from severe wear and tear (☛ Wear and tear)
傷 [(2)きず] meaning: damage rank: 1
☆ ガラスの表面に傷がついている ⇨ The surface of the glass is scratched (☛ Minor damages like scratches, nicks, chips, etc.)
害 [(1)がい] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 歯磨き粉は少量なら飲み込んでも害は無い ⇨ There is no harm in ingesting toothpaste if in a small amount
☆ 試してみても害は無いよ ⇨ There will be no harm in trying
害 [(1)がい] [百害有って一利無し] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ タバコは百害有って一利無しだ ⇨ Smoking does 100 damages with 0 benefit (☛ A common phrase)
損害 [そんがい] [liter] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 地震で大きな損害が出た ⇨ An earthquake caused a lot of damages (☛ Mainly economical damage)
打撃 [だげき] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 彼等は敵に壊滅的な打撃を与えた ⇨ They rendered destructive damages to the enemy
被害 [(1)ひがい] meaning: damage rank: 2
☆ 地震の被害は甚大だ ⇨ The damages by the earthquake are enormous
慰謝料 [(2)いしゃりょう] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 彼は不当解雇の慰謝料を求める訴訟を起こした ⇨ He filed a lawsuit asking for damages regarding the unlawful termination
毀損 [きそん] [tech] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 彼は相手を名誉毀損で訴えた ⇨ He sued the other party for defamation
損傷 [そんしょう] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 機体の損傷は激しい ⇨ The damages to the fuselage are severe (☛ Physical damage to inanimate things)
大打撃 [(3)だいだげき] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 経済は大打撃を受けた ⇨ The economy received a major blow (☛ Usually used figuratively)
破損 [はそん] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 破損を防ぐための梱包 ⇨ Packaging to prevent damage (☛ Physical damage to inanimate things)
弊害 [へいがい] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ 人間社会の発展は公害等の大きな弊害をもたらした ⇨ The development of human society have caused significant damages such as pollutions (☛ Harmful side effects)
無傷 [(1)むきず] meaning: damage rank: 3
☆ ケースは壊れたが中のバイオリンは無傷だった ⇨ The case was damaged but the violin inside was intact
痛手 [いたで] meaning: damage rank: 4
☆ 選挙の結果は首相にとって大きな痛手だ ⇨ The result of the election is a huge blow to the Prime Minister (☛ Literally means “painful hand”)