► 接続助詞
から [から] [coll] meaning: because rank: 1
☆ 値段が高すぎたから買わなかった ⇨ I didn’t buy because the price was too high
☆ 彼すごく優しいから大好き ⇨ I love him because he is so sweet
☆ 時間の無駄だから行くのは止めよう ⇨ Let’s not go because it will be a waste of time
て [て] meaning: because rank: 1
☆ 悔しくて涙が出た ⇨ I was so disappointed I cried
☆ 時間が無くて全部やりきれなかった ⇨ I wasn’t able to finish everything because there was not enough time
ので [ので] [liter] meaning: because rank: 1
☆ 安かったので多めに買った ⇨ It was cheap so I bought a little more
☆ 山火事を起こしかねないので花火は禁止されている ⇨ Fireworks are banned because they can cause wildfire
☆ 時間が余り無いので要点だけを話します ⇨ I only talk about important points because we don’t have much time
以上 [(1)いじょう] [liter] meaning: because rank: 2
☆ ここまで来た以上最後までやるべきだ ⇨ We’ve come this far, so we should go all the way (☛ As a consequence of the previous action)
☆ 一度契約した以上それに拘束される ⇨ You agreed to the contract, so you are bound by it (☛ As a consequence of the previous action)
し [し] [coll] meaning: because rank: 2
☆ また必要になるかもしれないし、取っておいたほうが良いよ ⇨ Since it may become necessary again, you’d better keep it (☛ Implies “among other reasons, because …”)
☆ 折角準備したことだし、このままやろう ⇨ We did all the preparation, so let’s go ahead (☛ Implies “among other reasons, because …”)
☆ 明日は早く起きなきゃいけないし、もう寝よう ⇨ I have to get up early tomorrow, so I’d better go to bed already (☛ Implies “among other reasons, because …”)
付き [(2)つき] [liter] meaning: because rank: 2
☆ 雨天につき延期 ⇨ Postponed due to rain
ものだから [(2)ものだから] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ 赤ちゃんがあんまり泣くものだから病院に連れて行った ⇨ I took my baby to a hospital because he was crying nonstop
もんだから [(1)もんだから] [ものだから] [coll] [peer] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ 子供があんまりにも嫌がるもんだから自由にさせた ⇨ My kid hated it so much I let him be
► 格助詞
で [で] meaning: because rank: 1
☆ それで何の連絡もしなかったわけ？ ⇨ And you didn’t let me know because of that?
☆ 今日は仕事で忙しい ⇨ Today I’m busy with work
☆ 地震で街は崩壊した ⇨ The city was destroyed by the earthquake
☆ 彼は癌で死んだ ⇨ He died of cancer
☆ 悪天候で便は欠航になった ⇨ The flight was canceled because of the bad weather
☆ 時間切れで完了できなかった ⇨ I wasn’t able to finish because the time ran out
☆ 迅速な治療のお陰で彼女は助かった ⇨ She was saved thanks to the prompt treatment
に [に] [liter] meaning: because rank: 2
☆ レースはドーピング疑惑に揺れた ⇨ The race was shaken up by a doping allegation
☆ 彼の顔が苦痛に歪んだ ⇨ His face contorted with pain
☆ 彼女は腎臓の病気に苦しんでいる ⇨ She is struggling with a kidney ailment
にて [(1)にて] [liter] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ 試合は雨天にて中止 ⇨ The game was canceled due to rain
► 終助詞
から [から] [coll] meaning: because rank: 1
☆ 彼には言っても無駄だから ⇨ (I won’t even try) because you can’t reason with him
► 成句
からして [(2)からして] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ チームの士気からして勝つのは無理そうな気がする ⇨ I don’t think the team will win judging from the state of their morale
だけに [(2)だけに] [だけ＋に] [liter] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ お母さんは年が年だけにとても心配だ ⇨ I am very worried about mom because of her advanced age (☛ more so because of such and such reason)
☆ 前評判が高かっただけに余り大したことがなくて余計がっかりした ⇨ It was not that good and I was even more disappointed because there had been so much hype around it (☛ more so because of such and such reason)
に付き [につき] [liter] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ エレベーター点検整備中につき、階段を御利用下さい ⇨ The elevator is under maintenance, so please use the stairs
☆ 悪天候につき一時運転見合わせ中です ⇨ The operation has been suspended due to the inclement weather
てんで [てんで] [と言うので] [coll] [peer] meaning: because rank: 4
☆ 旨いってんで試してみたけど、別に大した事無かった ⇨ I tried it coz they said it was very delicious, but I was not impressed at all
► 名詞
所為 [(1)せい] [coll] meaning: because rank: 1
☆ あいつが手抜きをしたせいで事故が起こった ⇨ The accident happened because he had cut corners (☛ Only when the result is bad)
☆ あいつのせいで全ては台無しになった ⇨ Everything was ruined because of him (☛ Only when the result is bad)
物 [(2)もの] [なもので] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ うちの子供は野球が好きなものですから、よく球場へ連れいて行きます ⇨ My kids love baseball, so I take them to the ballpark often
☆ 用事があるもので、私は失礼します ⇨ I have to excuse myself because I need to take care of something
上 [(2)うえ] [liter] meaning: because rank: 4
☆ かくなる上はやむを得まい ⇨ We have no other choice under these circumstances
► 接続詞
だって [(1)だって] [coll] meaning: because rank: 2
☆ なんでピーマンを食べないの？だって苦いんだもん ⇨ Why you don’t eat green peppers? Cuz they taste bitter (☛ Used to retort to a critical comment)
☆ なんでやってみないの？だってどうせ旨く行かないもん ⇨ Why won’t you try? Cuz it won’t work anyway (☛ Used to retort to a critical comment)
何故なら [(1)なぜなら] [liter] meaning: because rank: 3
☆ 人間はいつかは死ぬ。何故なら人間は生物だからだ ⇨ Humans will eventually die. That’s because humans are living organisms
何故ならば [(1)なぜならば] [liter] meaning: because rank: 4
☆ 人間はいつかは死ぬ。何故ならば人間は生物だからだ ⇨ Humans will eventually die. That’s because humans are living organisms