► 終助詞
だ [だ] [coll] [peer] [男] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ それはだ ⇨
► 動詞
在る [(1)ある] [liter] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ 会社の財政は苦しい状況にある ⇨ The finance of the company is in a difficult situation
☆ 女性は男性よりも淡い色を好む傾向にある ⇨ Women tend to like lighter colors than men
☆ 彼は過去三十年独裁者の座にある ⇨ He has been in the position of the dictator in the last 30 years
☆ 戦況は膠着状態にある ⇨ The war is at a deadlock
居る [(2)いる] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ そこにいろ！ ⇨ Stay there! (☛ For an animal to be at a specific location)
☆ 暗闇に何者かがいる ⇨ Somebody is in the darkness (☛ For an animal to be at a specific location)
☆ 部屋には誰もいなかった ⇨ There was nobody in the room (☛ For an animal to be at a specific location)
御座います [(4)ございます] [coll] [polite] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ それで私は結構で御座います ⇨ I am fine with that
☆ 御注文の品はここに御座います ⇨ Here is the item you ordered
する [(2)する] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ 汗で体がベトベトする ⇨ My body is sticky with sweat (☛ Combined with 副詞, 形容詞, 形容動詞)
☆ 胃がムカムカする ⇨ My stomach is burning (☛ Combined with 副詞, 形容詞, 形容動詞)
いらっしゃる [(4)いらっしゃる] [coll] [respect] meaning: be rank: 2
☆ お元気でいらっしゃいますか？ ⇨ Have you been doing well?
☆ 先生はもう休んでいらっしゃる ⇨ The master has already gone to his room and is resting
☆ 奥様は相変わらずお綺麗でいらっしゃる ⇨ You are as beautiful as always, Mrs
踏む [(2)ふむ] [liter] meaning: be rank: 2
☆ 彼は七十才にして初めて異国の土を踏んだ ⇨ He stepped on foreign soil for the first time when he was 70
当たる [あたる] [liter] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ その言い方は御客様には失礼に当たる ⇨ That expression will be rude toward customers (☛ Amount to)
居る [(1)おる] [arch] [男] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 誰もおらんのか？ ⇨ Nobody here? (☛ A western dialect)
来る [(1)くる] [coll] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 値段が五百万円と来てぶったまげた ⇨ I got blown away to find the price is ¥5 million
こく [(1)こく] [coll] [contempt] [男] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ お前いい年こいて何やってんだ ⇨ What the hell are you doing? You’re too old for that
らっしゃる [(3)らっしゃる] [いらっしゃる] [coll] [sarcastic] [女] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 見てらっしゃい ⇨ Just keep watching (and I will prove that you are wrong) (☛ A common phrase)
らっしゃる [(3)らっしゃる] [いらっしゃる] [coll] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 行ってらっしゃい ⇨ Have a safe trip. Godspeed (☛ Literally “please go”. らっしゃる is a colloquial abbreviation of いらっしゃる)
らっしゃる [(3)らっしゃる] [いらっしゃる] [coll] [sarcastic] [女] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 好きなように考えてらっしゃい ⇨ Think whatever you like, however it suits you (☛ らっしゃる is a colloquial abbreviation of いらっしゃる)
居合わせる [(4)いあわせる] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ 彼女と私は偶然その場に居合わせた ⇨ She and I happened to be there by coincidence (☛ Happen to be somewhere when something happens)
入らせられる [(5)いらせられる] [respect] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ 御元気でいらせられますか？ ⇨ Are you doing well?
御わす [おわす] [arch] [respect] meaning: be rank: 4
☆
御座る [(2)ござる] [arch] [polite] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ かたじけのうござる ⇨ (☛ Today only used in historical dramas, or comically)
☆ そうで御座る ⇨ Yes that is so (☛ Today only used in historical dramas, or comically)
ごわす [ごわす] [arch] [polite] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ そうでごわす ⇨ That is right (☛ An archaic western dialect. Often used in period dramas)
候 [そうろう] [arch] [polite] meaning: be rank: 4
☆
詰める [(2)つめる] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ 首相の家には常に警官が詰めている ⇨ The police officers are always manned at the prime minister’s house (☛ Man at a certain location, standing by)
在す [(3)まします] [liter] [respect] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ 天に在す神 ⇨ God who is in heaven
► 助動詞
だ [だ] [liter] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ これは僕のだ ⇨ This is mine
☆ その動物は絶滅したものだと思われていた ⇨ That animal was thought to be extinct
☆ 大昔この地が世界の果てだと思われていた ⇨ In the ancient times this place was thought to be the end of the world
☆ 彼は史上最高の選手だ ⇨ He is the greatest player of all time
☆ 彼女はフランス人だ ⇨ She is a French citizen
だ [だ] [で] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ これで十分だろうと思う ⇨ I think this is enough, this should do it (☛ 連用形で)
☆ それで結構です ⇨ That is good enough (☛ 連用形で)
☆ それはそのままで良い ⇨ That is fine as it is (☛ 連用形で)
だ [だ] [では] [で(だ)＋は] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ これでは足りない ⇨ If this is all, then it is not enough (☛ 連用形で)
☆ そうではない ⇨ That is not so (☛ 連用形で)
☆ 乳糖不耐症は病気ではない ⇨ Lactose intolerance is not a disease (even though distressing) (☛ 連用形で)
☆ 君の努力は無駄ではない ⇨ Your effort is not a waste (even though it seems otherwise now) (☛ 連用形で)
☆ 彼は変わっているが悪い人ではない ⇨ He is eccentric but not a bad person (☛ 連用形で)
☆ 私は自分を守るためにそう言っているのではない ⇨ I’m not saying that to protect myself (rather there is a legitimate reason) (☛ 連用形で)
です [(1)です] [polite] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ そう言って頂いて、とても嬉しいです ⇨ I am very happy to hear you say that
☆ 彼の言っていることは本当です ⇨ What he is saying is true
☆ 私は日本人です ⇨ I am a Japanese citizen
じゃ [じゃ] [だ] [coll] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ それは無理じゃ ⇨ That’s impossible (☛ Originally western dialect for だ. Today often used in period dramas by old characters)
です [(1)です] [polite] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ それはですね ⇨
なり [なり] [arch] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 本日は晴天なり ⇨ Weather is fine today (☛ Archaic expression often used for a dramatic effect today)
☆ 総計五億三千万円なり ⇨ The grand total comes to ¥530 million (☛ Archaic expression often used for a dramatic effect today)
げす [げす] [arch] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ そうでげす ⇨ That is correct (☛ Used by uneducated people, usually in period novels and dramas )
たり [たり] [arch] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ 勇者たれ ⇨ Be brave
► 補助動詞
ある [(1)ある] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ うちの庭にはチューリップが植えてある ⇨ We have tulips planted on our garden
☆ それは後のために取ってある ⇨ That is set aside for a later use
☆ タクシーを家の前に待たせてある ⇨ I have a taxi waiting for us in front of the house
☆ 人は皆いつまでも若くありたいと思う ⇨ Everybody wishes to be young forever
☆ 強くあれ ⇨ Be strong
☆ 荷物はもう全部車に載せてある ⇨ All the luggage has been loaded on the car
☆ 車は家の裏に停めてある ⇨ The car is parked behind the house
ある [(1)ある] [である] [liter] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ それはたとえ合法であるとしても道徳的に正しくない ⇨ It is not morally correct even if it is legal
☆ 人間は強欲な動物である ⇨ Humans are greedy animals
☆ 家族全員が健康でありますように ⇨ I pray that my entire family stays healthy
☆ 常に真摯であれ ⇨ Always be sincere
居る [(2)いる] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ 彼が分かっているのか分かっていないのか分からない ⇨ I don’t know whether he has understood or not
☆ 彼女はかんかんに怒っている ⇨ She is furious
☆ 窓ガラスが割れている ⇨ The windowpane is broken
☆ 頭で分かっていても実際にやるのは難しい ⇨ Even if you understand (the concept) in your head, it is difficult to actually do it
☆ あの店何時まで開いてる？ ⇨ Until what time does that store stay open? When does it close? (☛ い will be often omitted in casual speeches)
☆ 店は私が行った時はもう閉まっていた ⇨ The store was already closed when I got there (☛ い will be often omitted in casual speeches)
► 成句
なんだ [なんだ] [なのだ] [coll] [peer] meaning: be rank: 1
☆ そういうやり方だから駄目なんだよ ⇨ It won’t work because you’re doing it wrong
☆ へー、あの二人姉妹なんだ ⇨ Oh, those two are sisters? I didn’t know (☛ Surprised to learn about something the way it is)
☆ へー、そうなんだ ⇨ Hmm, is that so. I never guessed (☛ Surprised to learn about something the way it is)
☆ 彼って有名なんだ。知らなかった ⇨ He is famous? I didn’t know (☛ Surprised to learn about something the way it is)
御出 [おいで] [coll] [junior] meaning: be rank: 2
☆ 一緒に御飯を食べておいで！ ⇨ Stay and have a meal with us!
☆ 楽しんでおいで！ ⇨ Have a good time!
だ [だ] [んだ] [のだ] [coll] [peer] meaning: be rank: 2
☆ ジャイアンツ結局負けちゃったんだ ⇨ Hmm, the Giants lost in the end (☛ Mild disappointment)
☆ あの二人、姉妹なんだ ⇨ Oh, those two are sisters (☛ Mild surprise)
☆ へえ、そうなんだ ⇨ Hmm, is that so? (☛ Mild surprise)
なのだ [(1)なのだ] [な(だ)＋の＋だ] [coll] meaning: be rank: 2
☆
たれ [(1)たれ] [で＋あれ] [liter] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ 同胞の者達よ、勇者たれ！ ⇨ You fellow compatriots, be brave!
► 名詞
御出 [おいで] [coll] [respect] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 先生は未だそちらに御出ですか？ ⇨ Is the master still there with you?
在室 [ざいしつ] meaning: be rank: 4
☆ 在室中の札が出ている ⇨ “Room occupied” sign is shown (☛ Be in a room)
► 接頭辞
在 [ざい] meaning: be rank: 3
☆ 在日米軍基地 ⇨ The US bases located in Japan (☛ Be physically)