► 副助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: even if rank: 2
☆ 少なくとも元金は回収される ⇨ We will at least recover the principal (even if there is no profit) (☛ 連用形 of adjective)
☆ 工事は遅くとも年内に完成の見込みだ ⇨ The construction is expected to be finished within the year even if it is delayed, at the latest (☛ 連用形 of adjective)
► 接続助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: even if rank: 3
☆ 全員死のうとも降伏はしない ⇨ We will never surrender even if we all die
☆ 彼が何と言おうとも関係無い ⇨ It doesn’t matter even if he says something, whatever he says
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: no matter rank: 3
☆ どうなろうとも構わない ⇨ I don’t care however things go, whatever happens
► 終助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] [peer] [男] meaning: indeed rank: 4
☆ いいとも！ ⇨ Surely good! Sure do! That’ll work! (☛ Sounds theatrical or old-fashioned)
☆ 勿論だとも！ ⇨ Of course! (☛ Sounds theatrical or old-fashioned)
► 成句
共 [とも] [共にする] [liter] meaning: share rank: 2
☆ 船長は船と運命を共にした ⇨ The captain shared the fate with his ship. He sank with his ship
☆ 苦楽を共にした妻 ⇨ My wife I’ve shared good times and bad times
► 名詞
友 [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: friend rank: 2
☆ 戦場の友 ⇨ Friends on the battlefield
► 接尾辞
共 [とも] meaning: both rank: 1
☆ 両方共使ってみたが、余り差はなかった ⇨ I tried both of them but didn’t find that much difference
☆ 二人共、いい加減にしなさい ⇨ That’s enough, both of you
共 [とも] meaning: all rank: 2
☆ うちの子供は三人共女の子だ ⇨ My three kids are all girls (☛ Usually only used with smaller numbers. Some only uses 共 as “both”)
共 [とも] meaning: include rank: 3
☆ 送料共三千円 ⇨ ¥3,000 including shipping charge
► 接頭辞
共 [とも] meaning: both rank: 3
☆
More examples:
- 食生活はともすれば乱れがちだ ⇨ Eating healthy tend to be forgotten
- この病気は下手をすると死ぬことも有る ⇨ In the worst case you can die from this disease
- 彼女は彼と別れてから誰とも付き合っていない ⇨ She hasn’t been seeing anybody since she broke up with him
- 彼は殴られてもびくともしなかった ⇨ He got punched but didn’t even flinch
- 私の名前も彼女の名前も「ともこ」だが字が違う ⇨ My name and her name are both “Tomoko” but with different Kanji letters
- 一刻たりとも失うわけにはいかない状況 ⇨ A situation where you can’t afford to lose even one second
- この病気は場合によっては死んだりすることもある ⇨ You also could die from this disease in the worst case
- この箱は金槌で叩いてもびくともしない ⇨ You hit this box with a hammer and there’s not even a scratch on it
- 今更何ともしようがない ⇨ There’s nothing you can do at this point
- 時々インド料理とか食べることもある ⇨ Sometimes I have something like Indian cuisine
- 少なくとも助けを呼ぶなり何なり出来た筈だ ⇨ You could at least do something like call for help or whatever
- 是非とも御手伝いさせて頂きます ⇨ I will definitely help you
- 彼は批判を物ともせず計画を推し進めた ⇨ He pushed the project without getting deterred by criticisms
- 技術がどんなに発展しようとも人間は大自然には所詮勝てない ⇨ No matter how technologies advance, humans can never conquer Mother Nature
- コロナは何の症状も無いこともあれば死ぬこともある ⇨ With COVID you could have symptom or you could die