► 副助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: even if rank: 2
☆ 少なくとも元金は回収される ⇨ We will at least recover the principal (even if there is no profit) (☛ 連用形 of adjective)
☆ 工事は遅くとも年内に完成の見込みだ ⇨ The construction is expected to be finished within the year even if it is delayed, at the latest (☛ 連用形 of adjective)
► 接続助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: even if rank: 3
☆ 全員死のうとも降伏はしない ⇨ We will never surrender even if we all die
☆ 彼が何と言おうとも関係無い ⇨ It doesn’t matter even if he says something, whatever he says
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: no matter rank: 3
☆ どうなろうとも構わない ⇨ I don’t care however things go, whatever happens
► 終助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] [peer] [男] meaning: indeed rank: 4
☆ いいとも！ ⇨ Surely good! Sure do! That’ll work! (☛ Sounds theatrical or old-fashioned)
☆ 勿論だとも！ ⇨ Of course! (☛ Sounds theatrical or old-fashioned)
► 成句
共 [とも] [共にする] [liter] meaning: share rank: 2
☆ 船長は船と運命を共にした ⇨ The captain shared the fate with his ship. He sank with his ship
☆ 苦楽を共にした妻 ⇨ My wife I’ve shared good times and bad times
► 名詞
友 [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: friend rank: 2
☆ 戦場の友 ⇨ Friends on the battlefield
► 接尾辞
共 [とも] meaning: both rank: 1
☆ 両方共使ってみたが、余り差はなかった ⇨ I tried both of them but didn’t find that much difference
☆ 二人共、いい加減にしなさい ⇨ That’s enough, both of you
共 [とも] meaning: all rank: 2
☆ うちの子供は三人共女の子だ ⇨ My three kids are all girls (☛ Usually only used with smaller numbers. Some only uses 共 as “both”)
共 [とも] meaning: include rank: 3
☆ 送料共三千円 ⇨ ¥3,000 including shipping charge
► 接頭辞
共 [とも] meaning: both rank: 3
☆
More examples:
- 「そんなことも知らないの？」と彼女は高飛車に言い放った ⇨ “You don’t even know that?” She snapped at me arrogantly
- 彼は他人に迷惑を掛けている事を何とも思っていない ⇨ He doesn’t care at all that he’s causing so much trouble for others
- 何はともあれ皆無事で良かった ⇨ In any case I’m relieved that everybody is safe
- 少なくとも助けを呼ぶなり何なり出来た筈だ ⇨ You could at least do something like call for help or whatever
- ともかく一度やってみよう ⇨ Let’s give it a shot anyway
- 是非とも御手伝いさせて頂きます ⇨ I will definitely help you
- このまま戦争を続ければ両国とも共倒れになる ⇨ If they continue the war, both countries will collapse
- 攻守ともに優れたチーム ⇨ A team that is good at both offense and defense
- 彼はもっともらしい言い訳をしてその場を逃れようとしている ⇨ He is trying to get away with it by making seemingly reasonable excuses
- 食生活はともすれば乱れがちだ ⇨ Eating healthy tend to be forgotten
- 彼は天才の一種と言えないこともない ⇨ You could say he is some kind of genius
- 両チームとも無得点で終わった ⇨ Both teams finished without scoring
- 是非とも私にやらせて下さい ⇨ I beg you to allow me to do it
- 行こうかとも思ったが、やはり止めた ⇨ I had thought about going but I decided not to
- 戦争に行ったこともない人間に生死について講釈されたくない ⇨ I don’t want to be lectured about life and death by someone who’s never been to a war