► 副助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: even if rank: 2
☆ 少なくとも元金は回収される ⇨ We will at least recover the principal (even if there is no profit) (☛ 連用形 of adjective)
☆ 工事は遅くとも年内に完成の見込みだ ⇨ The construction is expected to be finished within the year even if it is delayed, at the latest (☛ 連用形 of adjective)
► 接続助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: even if rank: 3
☆ 全員死のうとも降伏はしない ⇨ We will never surrender even if we all die
☆ 彼が何と言おうとも関係無い ⇨ It doesn’t matter even if he says something, whatever he says
とも [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: no matter rank: 3
☆ どうなろうとも構わない ⇨ I don’t care however things go, whatever happens
► 終助詞
とも [(1)とも] [liter] [peer] [男] meaning: indeed rank: 4
☆ いいとも！ ⇨ Surely good! Sure do! That’ll work! (☛ Sounds theatrical or old-fashioned)
☆ 勿論だとも！ ⇨ Of course! (☛ Sounds theatrical or old-fashioned)
► 成句
共 [とも] [共にする] [liter] meaning: share rank: 2
☆ 船長は船と運命を共にした ⇨ The captain shared the fate with his ship. He sank with his ship
☆ 苦楽を共にした妻 ⇨ My wife I’ve shared good times and bad times
► 名詞
友 [(1)とも] [liter] meaning: friend rank: 2
☆ 戦場の友 ⇨ Friends on the battlefield
► 接尾辞
共 [とも] meaning: both rank: 1
☆ 両方共使ってみたが、余り差はなかった ⇨ I tried both of them but didn’t find that much difference
☆ 二人共、いい加減にしなさい ⇨ That’s enough, both of you
共 [とも] meaning: all rank: 2
☆ うちの子供は三人共女の子だ ⇨ My three kids are all girls (☛ Usually only used with smaller numbers. Some only uses 共 as “both”)
共 [とも] meaning: include rank: 3
☆ 送料共三千円 ⇨ ¥3,000 including shipping charge
► 接頭辞
共 [とも] meaning: both rank: 3
☆
More examples:
- 是非とも私にやらせて下さい ⇨ I beg you to allow me to do it
- 彼の発想は何とも御見事だ ⇨ His idea is simply genius
- 諦めるなんて考えたこともない ⇨ I never even thought about giving up
- 今更如何ともし難い (いかんともしがたい) ⇨ At this point there is nothing you can do
- 妖精が何処からともなく現れた ⇨ A fairy appeared out of nowhere
- 彼の実力は世界の一流と比べても勝るとも劣らない ⇨ His ability is not worse if not better, even when compared with the world’s best
- 一刻たりとも失うわけにはいかない状況 ⇨ A situation where you can’t afford to lose even one second
- ボールが彼の顔面にまともに当たった ⇨ The ball hit him right in the face
- ともあれ仕事は一応終わった ⇨ The work has been done anyway, one way or the other
- この箱は金槌で叩いてもびくともしない ⇨ You hit this box with a hammer and there’s not even a scratch on it
- 親は無くとも子は育つ ⇨ Children will grow (fine) even without parents
- 彼女は「ともちゃん」と呼ばれている ⇨ She is called “Tomo-chan”
- 両チームとも無得点で終わった ⇨ Both teams finished without scoring
- 彼は天才の一種と言えないこともない ⇨ You could say he is some kind of genius
- 彼女は僕のほうを見ようともしない ⇨ She doesn’t even look at me