► 動詞
下がる [(2)さがる] meaning: backward rank: 1
☆ もう少し下がって下さい ⇨ Please step back a little further
下げる [(2)さげる] meaning: backward rank: 1
☆ 椅子をもう少し下げてくれる？ ⇨ Will you move your chair back a little?
下がる [(2)さがる] meaning: decrease rank: 1
☆ 最近物価が下がった ⇨ Recently the consumer price has gone down
☆ 夜になって気温が急に下がった ⇨ The temperature has gone down suddenly in the evening
下さる [(3)くださる] [polite] meaning: give to me rank: 1
☆ 先生が下さったお祝いの品 ⇨ A congratulation gift esteemed you gave me (☛ Somebody gives you something)
下さる [(3)くださる] [下さい] [polite] meaning: give to me rank: 1
☆ 木綿豆腐を二丁下さい ⇨ Please give/get me two pieces of silk tofu (☛ A common phrase when you buy something. It does NOT mean “give me FOR FREE”)
☆ 御返事下さいますか？ ⇨ Could you please give me an answer, response? (☛ Somebody gives you something. くだされ is the imperative according to the rule but it is never used today, and ください is used instead)
下げる [(2)さげる] meaning: hang rank: 1
☆ 彼女は肩に鞄を下げている ⇨ She is hanging a bag from her shoulder, carrying a shoulder bag
下ろす [(2)おろす] meaning: lower rank: 1
☆ 彼女は鞄を床に下ろした ⇨ She put her bag down on the floor
下げる [(2)さげる] meaning: lower rank: 1
☆ エアコンの温度を少し下げよう ⇨ Let’s lower the temperature of the AC a little
☆ 彼等は試験の合格点を下げた ⇨ They lowered the passing score of the exam
☆ 血圧を下げる薬 ⇨ A medication to lower blood pressure
下ろす [(2)おろす] [腰を下ろす] meaning: lower rank: 1
☆ 彼は椅子に腰を下ろした ⇨ He lowered his waist, sat down, on the chair
下ろす [(2)おろす] meaning: remove rank: 1
☆ 彼は車から荷物を下ろした ⇨ He unloaded his stuff from the car (☛ Remove from an elevated position)
下ろす [(2)おろす] [coll] meaning: withdraw rank: 1
☆ 彼女は預金を下ろした ⇨ She withdrew her money (from the bank) (☛ About money in a bank)
下す [くだす] [腹を下す] [coll] meaning: diarrhea rank: 2
☆ 脂っこいものを食べたらお腹を下した ⇨ I had a diarrhea after eating greasy food
下がる [(2)さがる] [coll] [polite] meaning: leave rank: 2
☆ もう下がっても宜しいでしょうか？ ⇨ Can I leave now? (☛ Leave somebody important)
下がる [(2)さがる] meaning: leave rank: 2
☆ 王は家来に下がるように言った ⇨ The king told the servant to leave him (☛ Leave somebody important)
下げる [(2)さげる] meaning: withdraw rank: 2
☆ もうお下げして宜しいですか？ ⇨ Can I remove your plate? (☛ Withdraw something presented)
下ろす [(2)おろす] [堕ろす] [coll] meaning: abortion rank: 3
☆ 彼女は子供を下ろした ⇨ She had an abortion (☛ Often written 堕ろす)
下ろす [(2)おろす] meaning: cut rank: 3
☆ 魚の下ろし方 ⇨ How to cut fish meat (☛ A cooking term)
下る [くだる] [腹が下る] [coll] meaning: diarrhea rank: 3
☆ 果物を食べすぎたらお腹が下った ⇨ I had a diarrhea after having too much fruits
下ろす [(2)おろす] meaning: grate rank: 3
☆ 彼女は大根を下ろした ⇨ She grated radish
下る [くだる] [liter] meaning: issue rank: 3
☆ 被告に死刑宣告が下った ⇨ A death sentence was given to the defendant
下す [くだす] [liter] meaning: issue rank: 3
☆ 最終的には首相が決断を下さなくてはいけない ⇨ Ultimately the prime minister has to make a decision (☛ Officially issue a decision, judgement, order, etc.)
☆ 裁判官は判決を下した ⇨ The judge gave a sentence (☛ Officially issue a decision, judgement, order, etc.)
下される [(4)くだされる] [respect] meaning: give to me rank: 4
☆ (☛ Somebody gives you something)
下ろす [(2)おろす] meaning: use rank: 4
☆ 彼は新しい筆を下ろした ⇨ He broke in a new writing brush
► 補助動詞
下さる [(3)くださる] [polite] meaning: do for me rank: 1
☆ 書類は郵送して下さっても結構です ⇨ It is OK too if you mail the document
☆ 本日はお越し下さり本当に有難うございます ⇨ Thank you very much for coming today (☛ 下さって can be pronounced くだすって as an alternative)
☆ 親切にして下さって本当に有難うございます ⇨ I really appreciate your being kind (☛ 下さって can be pronounced くだすって as an alternative)
下さる [(3)くださる] [下さい] [polite] meaning: do for me rank: 1
☆ 何も問題は無いので安心して下さい ⇨ There is no problem, so please relax (☛ くだされ is the imperative according to the rule but it is never used today, and ください is used instead)
☆ 家の中ではタバコは吸わないで下さい ⇨ Please do not smoke in the house (☛ くだされ is the imperative according to the rule but it is never used today, and ください is used instead)
☆ 展示品には触らないようにして下さい ⇨ Please do not touch the exhibits (☛ くだされ is the imperative according to the rule but it is never used today, and ください is used instead)
下さる [(3)くださる] [下さい] [polite] meaning: please rank: 1
☆ 御気をつけてお帰り下さい ⇨ Please go home safely
☆ 試合頑張って下さい。応援してます ⇨ I hope you play well in the game. I will be rooting for you
☆ 身体には気を付けて下さい ⇨ Please take care of your health
下さる [(3)くださる] [coll] [polite] [男] meaning: do for me rank: 3
☆ そうして下され ⇨ Please do so (☛ Imperative used only by men. It sounds very old-fashioned)
下さる [(3)くださる] [coll] [polite] [女] meaning: do for me rank: 3
☆ そういう事を言うのは止めて下さる？ ⇨ Could you stop saying such things? (☛ Used only by women. Very formal but old-fashioned)
► 名詞
下 [(2)した] meaning: below rank: 1
☆ 下の階は商店だ ⇨ The floor below is a store
☆ 彼は下の者達にとても人気がある ⇨ He’s very popular among the people under him, who work for him
☆ 彼女はドレスの下に何も着ていなかった ⇨ She was wearing nothing under her dress
☆ 彼女は鞄を椅子の下に置いた ⇨ She put her bag under the seat
☆ 橋の下を川が流れている ⇨ There’s a river flowing underneath the bridge
下がり [さがり] meaning: decrease rank: 2
☆ 車は価値の下がり方が激しい ⇨ Cars depreciate in value significantly
下り [くだり] meaning: downbound rank: 2
☆ 下り列車 ⇨ A downbound train
☆ 下り坂 ⇨ A down slope
下がり [さがり] meaning: low rank: 2
☆ 壁の絵が右下がりになっている ⇨ The drawing on the wall is lower on the right side
下 [(2)もと] [liter] meaning: under rank: 2
☆ 彼の成績はそのコーチの指導の下で大きく改善した ⇨ His performance has improved significantly under the tutelage of the coach
☆ 彼女は大学に行くために親の下を離れた ⇨ She left her parents (home) to go to college
☆ 治安維持の名の下での少数民族の弾圧 ⇨ An oppression of minorities under the name of maintaining the national security
下 [(2)しも] [coll] [euphemism] meaning: sex rank: 3
☆ 彼は下の話が好きだ ⇨ He likes to talk about sex
下ねた [しもねた] [coll] meaning: sex rank: 3
☆ 彼の漫才は下ネタが多い ⇨ His stand-up involves a lot of sex topics (☛ Literally “topic about down there”)
下 [(2)しも] [coll] [euphemism] meaning: toilet rank: 3
☆ 祖父は下の世話が必要だ ⇨ My grandfather needs toileting help
下ろし [おろし] meaning: rank: 4
☆
下り物 [おりもの] meaning: discharge rank: 4
☆ 下り物に血が混じっていた ⇨ There was some blood in the vaginal discharge
下 [げ] [liter] meaning: low rank: 4
☆ お前なんか下の下だ ⇨ You are the lowest of the low
☆ その小説は上中下の三巻に分かれている ⇨ That novel is broken into three volumes of the first, middle and last
下げまん [さげまん] meaning: woman rank: 4
☆ (☛ A woman who brings bad luck to her man)
► 形容詞
下らない [くだらない] meaning: pathetic rank: 1
☆ あいつはくだらない人間だ ⇨ He is a pathetic human being (☛ Doesn’t rise to the level of evil, but unworthy of respect)
下らない [くだらない] meaning: stupid rank: 1
☆ くだらない冗談を言うな ⇨ Cut your silly jokes
☆ 彼はくだらない事に金を無駄遣いしている ⇨ He is wasting his money on stupid, useless, things
► 接尾辞
下 [か] [liter] meaning: under rank: 2
☆ その国は独裁者の支配下にある ⇨ The country is under the rule of the dictator
☆ 彼は薬物の影響下にある ⇨ He is under the influence of substance
► 接頭辞
下 [(2)した] meaning: pre rank: 3
☆ 下ごしらえ ⇨