► 動詞
上げる [あげる] meaning: accomplish rank: 1
☆ 彼は世界的企業をゼロから築き上げた ⇨ He has built a world-class company from zero (☛ Follows 連用形 of another verb. Accomplish something over time)
☆ 彼女は一人で五人の子供を育て上げた ⇨ She has raised five children all on her own (☛ Follows 連用形 of another verb. Accomplish something over time)
上げる [あげる] meaning: do thoroughly rank: 1
☆ あんまり褒め上げられるのも気持ち悪い ⇨ I feel uneasy when I get praised so much (☛ Follows 連用形 of another verb)
☆ 彼の鍛え上げられた体 ⇨ His extremely well-trained body (☛ Follows 連用形 of another verb)
☆ 彼は事件について徹底的に調べ上げた ⇨ He did a meticulous research of the case (☛ Follows 連用形 of another verb)
上がる [あがる] [polite] meaning: enter rank: 1
☆ どうぞ、上がって下さい、御上がり下さい ⇨ Please come on inside (the house) (☛ Japanese houses have raised floors, and you take your shoes off before step on the floors. Most office buildings don’t have raised floors, and 入る is used instead of 上がる)
上がる [あがる] meaning: get on rank: 1
☆ 彼は屋根の上に上がった ⇨ He got on top of the roof
上げる [あげる] [coll] [peer] meaning: give rank: 1
☆ これ上げるよ ⇨ I give this to you (☛ You give something to somebody)
☆ 考える時間を上げるよ ⇨ I will give you time to think about it (☛ You give something to somebody)
上がる [あがる] [coll] meaning: nervous rank: 1
☆ 彼女の前で上がってしまって言おうとしたことが言えなかった ⇨ I got so nervous in front of her that I couldn’t say what I wanted to say (☛ Get nervous because of stagefright, or getting starstruck)
上がる [あがる] meaning: produce rank: 1
☆ 一定期間続けないと効果が上がらない ⇨ You have to continue for a specific period for it to be effective
☆ 新事業で予想外の利益が上がった ⇨ The new business raised unexpected profits
上げる [あげる] meaning: produce rank: 1
☆ 研究は大きな成果を上げた ⇨ The research has yielded a lot of results
上げる [あげる] meaning: raise rank: 1
☆ OPECは原油の値段を上げた ⇨ OPEC raised the price of crude oil
☆ 基準をもっと上げなくてはいけない ⇨ We need to raise the standard much higher
☆ 彼は旗を頭上に上げた ⇨ He raised the flag over his head
上がる [あがる] meaning: rise rank: 1
☆ ガソリンの値段がまた上がった ⇨ The gas price has gone up again
☆ チームは五位から三位にまで上がった ⇨ The team has gone up from the fifth to the third in the standing
☆ 煙突から煙が上がった ⇨ Smoke rose from the chimney
☆ 舞台の幕が上がった ⇨ The stage curtain has gone up
上げる [あげる] [coll] meaning: let in rank: 2
☆ よく知らない人を家に上げる訳にはいかない ⇨ I cannot let some stranger enter my house (☛ The floors of Japanese houses are raised from the ground)
上げる [あげる] [安く上げる] meaning: price rank: 2
☆ 安く上げようとして質が落ちたら元も子もない ⇨ It will ruin everything if you try to reduce the cost and then the quality goes down (☛ Keep the cost as low as possible)
上る [のぼる] [liter] meaning: reach rank: 2
☆ 損失は百億円に上った ⇨ The loss has reached ¥10 billion
☆ 死者の数は五十人に上った ⇨ The number of casualties has reached 50
上げる [あげる] [coll] meaning: vomit rank: 2
☆ 病人が食べたものを上げてしまった ⇨ The patient vomited what he had had
上がる [あがる] [coll] meaning: advance rank: 3
☆ うちの子供が小学校に上がった ⇨ My child has advanced to elementary school
上り詰める [(5)のぼりつめる] meaning: climb rank: 3
☆ 彼は世界の頂点に上り詰めた ⇨ He has climbed to the top of the world (☛ Climb all the way)
上る [のぼる] meaning: mention rank: 3
☆ その事は特に話に上らなかった ⇨ Nobody really brought up that issue (☛ Get brought up as an issue among people)
► 補助動詞
上げる [あげる] [coll] [peer] meaning: do for somebody rank: 1
☆ マッサージしてあげようか？ ⇨ Do you want me to give you massage?
☆ 何か食べるもの作ってあげようか？ ⇨ Do you want me to prepare something to eat for you?
☆ 答えを教えてあげようか？ ⇨ Do you want me to tell you the answer?
☆ 絶対許してあげない ⇨ I will never forgive you
上げる [あげる] [させて上げる, ～せて上げる] [coll] meaning: let rank: 1
☆ 各人に自由に選ばせて上げるべきだ ⇨ We should let each person choose without restrictions
☆ 彼に好きなようにさせてあげたら？ ⇨ Why don’t you let him do what he wants
☆ 彼に車を使わせて上げる理由など無い ⇨ There is no reason that I should let him use my car
► 成句
上 [(2)うえ] [上に] meaning: on top of that rank: 2
☆ あの店は美味い上に安い ⇨ The restaurant serves great food and on top of that the prices are low
☆ 激しい雨の上に強い風が吹いている ⇨ Winds are blowing hard on top of heavy rain
上がる [あがる] [安く上がる] [coll] meaning: price rank: 2
☆ 屋根の修理は思ったよりずっと安く上がった ⇨ The repair of the roof cost much less than expected (☛ Cost less than expected. The opposite is “高く付く”)
上げる [あげる] [男を上げる、女を上げる] [coll] meaning: respect rank: 2
☆ 彼は勝ち目無しの前評判を覆して勝って男を上げた ⇨ He won despite nobody had thought he stood any chance, and raised his status as a man, earned everybody’s respect (☛ Gain respect by doing something heroic, honorable)
上 [(2)うえ] [上で] [liter] meaning: in order to rank: 3
☆ 計画を実行する上で必要な資金 ⇨ The fund necessary to execute the plan
上 [(2)うえ] [上に立つ] meaning: lead rank: 3
☆ 彼は上に立つのに相応しくない ⇨ He’s not fit to stand above others, be a leader
上がったり [(4)あがったり] meaning: fail rank: 4
☆ コロナ禍で商売上がったりだ ⇨ My business has gone belly up because of COVID (☛ Business to fail, typically due to a factor you cannot control)
► 名詞
上 [(2)うえ] meaning: above rank: 1
☆ うちの兄は三つ年上です ⇨ My brother is 3 years older than me
☆ それは上からの命令だ ⇨ That’s an order from the above, higher-up
☆ 上の階の足音がうるさい ⇨ The footsteps from the floor above are loud
☆ 上を見ろ！ ⇨ Look above, up!
☆ 気温は一日中氷点の上にあった ⇨ The temperature was above the freezing point all day
☆ 上には上がいる ⇨ There’s always someone better than someone who’s better than you (☛ A common phrase that means it is very difficult to be the best in the world for anything)
上 [(2)うえ] meaning: on rank: 1
☆ 彼は屋根の上に登った ⇨ He got on top of the roof
☆ 彼女は鍵を机の上に置いた ⇨ She put her keys on top of the desk
上 [(2)うえ] meaning: over rank: 1
☆ 彼は背広の上にコートを着ている ⇨ He is wearing a coat over his suits
☆ 彼は薪木の上にタープをかけた ⇨ He put a tarp over firelogs
上 [(2)うえ] meaning: top rank: 1
☆ 山の上から見た景色 ⇨ The scenery seen from the top of the mountain
☆ 背広の上と下が別々に買える店 ⇨ A store you can buy suits tops and bottoms separately
上 [(2)うえ] [liter] meaning: based on rank: 2
☆ それはよく考えた上で決めたことです ⇨ I decided that upon a through deliberation
☆ それは法律の上では同じと見做される ⇨ They are regarded as the same things from the legal perspective
☆ 全ての条件を比較した上で決めます ⇨ We will decide upon comparing all the conditions
☆ 死ぬのは覚悟の上です ⇨ I am fully aware, I made my decision knowing, that I could die
☆ 酒の上の事では済まされない ⇨ You cannot just dismiss that behavior saying it was under influence of alcohol
上 [(2)うえ] [coll] meaning: inside rank: 2
☆ 彼の家に行ったが上には上がらなかった ⇨ I went to his house but didn’t get inside (☛ The inside of a house. Japanese houses have raised floors)
上り [のぼり] meaning: upward rank: 2
☆ 上り列車 ⇨ An upbound train. A train that heads to the city center
上 [(1)かみ] meaning: above rank: 4
☆
上 [(2)うえ] [liter] meaning: because rank: 4
☆ かくなる上はやむを得まい ⇨ We have no other choice under these circumstances
上がり下がり [(3)あがりさがり] meaning: change rank: 4
☆ 最近家の値段の上がり下がりが激しい ⇨ The housing prices have been fluctuating drastically recently
上がり [あがり] [coll] meaning: complete rank: 4
☆ 定食二つあがりです！ ⇨ Two set menus ready to go! (☛ Often used by cooks at restaurants)
上がり [あがり] [coll] meaning: end rank: 4
☆ 今日は五時で上りだ ⇨ I finish my work at 5 today
上がり [あがり] [coll] meaning: profit rank: 4
☆ この手の仕事は上がりが少ない ⇨ This kind of work won’t make much money
上っ面 [うわっつら] meaning: surface rank: 4
☆ それは上っ面を真似しただけに過ぎない ⇨ It just copied the surface (not the substance)
☆ 彼は上っ面だけの男だ ⇨ He is a superficial guy
上げ下げ [(2)あげさげ] meaning: vertical rank: 4
☆ この窓は上げ下げが難しい ⇨ This window is hard to move up and down
上げまん [あげまん] meaning: woman rank: 4
☆ (☛ A woman who brings good luck to her man)
► 形容動詞
上の空 [(4)うわのそら] meaning: attention rank: 4
☆ 彼女は結婚式を控えて何を言っても上の空だ ⇨ She has her wedding coming up and she doesn’t pay any attention to what I say (☛ Preoccupied by something else and doesn’t pay any attention to anything else)
► 接尾辞
上 [じょう] [liter] meaning: based on rank: 1
☆ それは形式上正しいかも知れないが、本来の意義から外れている ⇨ That may be correct in the format, but it is missing the real intention
☆ それは理論上は可能でも実際には難しい ⇨ That may be possible on theory, but is very difficult in reality
☆ それは道徳上は問題があっても法律上は問題にならない ⇨ That may be problematic morally, but not legally